Microphone Pair

All microphones convert sound energy into electrical energy, but there are many different ways to do the job, using electrostatics, electromagnetism, piezo electric effect or the change in resistance of carbon granules. The microphones are used in many applications, such as telephones, recorders, hearing aids, film production, from live and recorded audio engineering, radio and television and computer for recording voice, VoIP, and acoustic purposes like ultrasonic checking.

When it comes to microphones used in recording music or performances live in the vast majority of microphones used are condenser or dynamic or electrostatic or electromagnetic models. Both types employ a moving diaphragm to capture the sound, but make use of a different electrical principle for converting mechanical energy into an electrical signal. The efficiency of this conversion is very important, because the amounts of acoustic energy produced by the voices and musical instruments are so small.

Dynamic Microphones

Dynamic microphones work via electromagnetic induction. They are robust, relatively inexpensive and resistant to moisture, and therefore which are widely used on stage by singers. There are two basic types. The moving coil microphone and the ribbon microphone.

Dynamic microphones have the advantage of being relatively cheap and sturdy, and do not need a power supply or batteries to operate them. A lightweight diaphragm, usually plastic film is attached to a very small coil of wire suspended in the field of a permanent magnet. When a sound causes the diaphragm to vibrate, work assembly together as a miniature power generator, and produces an electric current minute. Because electricity production is very small, must be amplified through a microphone preamplifier. Dynamic microphones are most effective when working with relatively strong sound sources that do not contain a large amount of very high frequency details.

Condenser Microphones

Condenser microphones have existed for decades, and although the modern incorporate some small technical improvements, the sound character has actually changed very little. Some of the best sounding capacitors are designed more 20 years. The main part of the condenser microphone contains a pair of conducting plates, one fixed and the other in the form of a moving diaphragm. When the separation between plates changes the capacity varies, and if a fixed electric charge is applied to the capacitor, an electrical signal is produced, to represent faithfully the vibration of the diaphragm.

The capacitors are more expensive than their dynamic counterparts, but also much more sensitive, and can capture the details high frequency with greater precision. Furthermore, the principle of capacitors, unlike the dynamic principle, lends itself easily to the production of microphones interchangeable polar patterns, even the cheaper models tend to offer only a fixed cardioid pattern.

Electret Microphones

An electret is a ferroelectric material that has been permanently electrically charged or polarized. An electret microphone is a relatively new type of capacitor microphone invented at Bell Laboratories in 1962. A static charge is embedded in an electret by alignment of static charges in the material, much the way a magnet is made by the alignment of magnetic domains in a piece of iron. They are used in many applications, from high-quality recording and lavalier use to built in microphones of small sound recording devices and telephones.

Victor Epand is an expert consultant for music gear, speakers, and microphones. You can find the best marketplace for music gear, speakers, and microphones at these 3 sites: music gear, music equipment, speakers, and dynamic microphones, capacitor microphones, electret microphones.

episode 5 – Stereo microphone techniques

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